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La Macabra Punizione di Ugolino

Gustave Doré´s Ugolino and Ruggieri

Ugolino della Gherardesca viene punito insieme all’arcivescovo Ruggieri degli Ubaldini nell’Antenora, la seconda parte del cerchio nono. Qui vengono puniti i traditori della patria. Ugolino, che sta mordendo la testa di Ruggieri, si ferma dal suo macabro pasto e si pulisce la bocca con i capelli della sua vittima prima di divulgare la sua tragica storia. È morto affamato insieme ai suoi giovani figli a causa del tradimento da parte dall’arcivescovo Ruggieri. Il fatto che Dante ci presenta i figli di Ugolino come ragazzi assai giovane può essere deliberato per sottolineare due vittime innocenti nel conflitto e che tanto Ugolino come Ruggieri sono disposti a sacrificarli per ottenere vantaggi politici. Nel caso di Ugolino, specificamente, il suo successo nella politica diventa più grande e importante che il suo proprio amore per la sua famiglia e che lo parta a tradire gli stessi.(XXXIII, 1-71) A questo punto nella vicenda di Ugolino viene il silenzioso indizio della sua punizione. Ugolino fu dichiarato il gran traditore di Pisa. Partito dalla sua patria come ghibellino poi tornato come guelfo, Ugolino sembra di aver tradito i suoi compaesani dopo l’acquisizione di Pisa. Quando, secondo le note dell’Inferno nell’edizione di Robert M. Durling, Ronald L. Martinez, Robert Turner, al suo ritorno a Pisa, Ugolino trama la detronizzazione del suo proprio nipote, Nino Visconti, e cercò un’alleanza con Ruggieri. In questa prima parte si può capire che Dante mette a Ugolino al nono cerchio per il suo tradimento al suo partito (i ghibellini) e allo stesso tempo si capisce perché Ruggieri viene inserito qui insieme a lui. Però resta ancora la questione del cannibalismo. Allora, Ugolino è tradito da Ruggieri e viene imprigionato nella Torre della Muda insieme ai suoi figli. Dopo nove mesi di prigionia, i figli muoiono uno dopo l’altro alla fine solo il conte rimane vivo. Ugolino, cieco a causa dalla fame, rantola sopra i cadaveri dei figli per due giorni (XXXIII, 72 – 74). ¨Poscia, più che ´l dolor, poté ´l digiuno. (XXXIII, 75) Ed ecco qui la linea che magari ci rivela ciò che accade quando solo Ugolino rimane in vita. Sembra che Ugolino ci stia proprio ammettendo che in quei ultimi giorni la sua fame abbia avuto più forza che il proprio dolore d’aver perso i suoi figli. Detto questo ed insieme alla maniera in cui Ugolino sta mangiando la testa di Ruggieri sembra che il conte, nei suoi ultimi attimi, abbia risolto al cannibalismo di modo che possa allungare la sua vita. Questo è proprio indicativo del contrappasso che Dante gli attribuisce, come in vita il conte s´ha mangiato i propri figli ora nel inferno lui passa la sua eternità divorando al responsabile della sua sfortuna.

Beatrice: She Who Gives Blessings

Virgil and Beatrice, Gustave Doré

In the first canto of Dante´s Inferno, Dante, the protagonist, is presented to the reader trying to find his way through dark woods searching for the mountain of Purgatory. The mountains should lead him to Heaven, but three ferocious beasts block his path; a leopard, a lion, and a she-wolf causing Dante to cower and retreat into the woods, and so appears Virgil offering Dante an alternate route to Purgatory through the Underworld.

In the second canto, Dante asks Virgil if he deems him strong enough to undertake such a venture full of pity and misery (Canto 2: 31-36). To this, Virgil replies that Dante´s soul is wounded by cowardice. Virgil also reveals that he was presented with the task of delivering Dante from his fears by a divine lady. (Canto 2: 44-51)

¨I was among those who are suspended, 

and a lady called me, so blessed and beautiful that

 I begged her to command me.¨ (Canto 2: 52-54) 

The lady Virgil speaks of is Beatrice. A woman who Dante had loved since his childhood and who died prematurely.“My friend, not the friend of fortune, on the deserted shore is so blocked…”( Canto 2: 61-62) In these lines, Dante also hints at the fact that Beatrice also cared more for him, she admits her interference in remedying Dante´s misfortunes rather than letting him suffer through his fate.

Dante describes her eyes as ¨shinning brighter than the morning star¨ (Canto 2: 55-56). 

The morning star is usually indicative of the planet Venus which is mostly at its brightest just before dawn and can be associated with the Roman goddess of love (Britannica https://www.britannica.com/topic/Venus-goddess); but the fact that Dante refers to her eyes as ¨shining brighter than the morning sun¨ presents Beatrice (she who bestows blessings) as being more blessed than Satan himself as he is also associated with the morning star ¨Lucifer, (Latin: Lightbearer) … the morning star (i.e., the planet Venus at dawn); personified as a male figure bearing a torch, Lucifer had almost no legend, but in poetry, he was often herald of the dawn.¨ (Britannica https://www.britannica.com/topic/Lucifer-classical-mythology). Beatrice continues to speak to Virgil, stating that love has caused her to seek him to help the now lost Dante.

Thus Beatrice personifies love as a whole. She descended from the heavens to seek Virgil in hell without fear because she is blessed/ protected by her faith (love for God), and thus, the love Dante bears for her creates a chain of protection that will see Dante through his journey through the underworld. The love he has for Beatrice is his salvation.  

Gianni, Hotchi, Karla

Character Analysis of Dante The Pilgrim in Cantos 1 & 2

In canto 1, Dante can be easily characterized as a fearful individual. He first describes the feel of the woods as “savage” and “harsh,” and mentioned how even the slightest thought of that place was enough to renew his fright (canto 1, line 4). In addition, as he tried to make his way towards the top of a hill where light shone very brightly, he froze with terror at the sight of three beasts. The she-wolf, specifically, made him lose hope of reaching the top of that hill and prompted him to turn back. In canto 1, lines 58-60, he says “That restless beast, who, coming against me, little by little was driving me back to where the sun is silent.” This is very telling of how shaken up he was by the she-wolf; so much so, that he found more comfort in those “savage” woods than in her presence. In the second canto, Dante feels much more hopeful after meeting his guide, Virgil. Virgil tells Dante about Beatrice, a past lover who pitied Dante’s state of terror and wished for protection upon him. While Dante did feel doubtful at the thought of not making it through the journey to paradise, he said to Virgil, “your words have so filled my heart with desire to come with you, that I have returned to my first purpose” (canto 2, lines 136-138). This was the first time where we witnessed Dante being quite courageous and proceeding with the tough path that lay ahead.

By: Gianna Arias, Layka Coby, Gary Familia

How does Canto 1 introduce the entire Divine Comedy?

In canto 1, we get to meet Dante and Vergil. In this canto, Dante seems to feel hopeless, lost in life, and has some fear of death. He then encounters the three beasts and is cornered. When he begins to feel helpless, he sees a man and cries out to him. This person turns out to be Virgil, and responds to his cries. Virgil’s words to Dante describe a journey through an eternal place, where “… you will hear the desperate shrieks, you will see the ancient suffering spirits, who all cry out at the second death;”(Canto 1, line 115-117). With this, canto 1 introduces the entire comedy because Virgil talks about the journey through hell, purgatory, and paradise. Even before Virgil’s words, the three beasts can also be seen as an introduction to what may appear in the comedy. For example, the she-beast represents negative desires, and since they will go on a journey through hell, we can expect to see more creatures or things representing the negative side of mankind. Along with this, Virgil describes a happy ending, by saying that he will help Dante meet a woman, who we can assume is Beatrice, after reading Canto 2. 

-Carl Delossantos, Tia Thompson, Alanis Rodriguez

Virgil’s Character Analysis (Canto I &II)

Dante first meets Virgil when lost in “a dark wood” (Canto 1, lines 1-2), and is then surrounded by leopard and a ‘she-wolf’. Dante begins to feel hopeless, until he sees the figure of a man in the forest and cries out “Miserere on me, whatever you may be, whether shade or true man!” (Canto 1, lines 64-66). From there, Virgil declares himself as Dante’s leader, saying “Thus for your good I think and judge that you shall follow me, and I shall be your guide…” (Canto 1, lines 112-113) and promises that he will lead Dante out of the woods so that he may “see the gate of Saint Peter” (Canto 1, lines 133-134). Dante seems to trust Virgili in being able to guide him through the mountain and follow him. As Dante and Virgil are near the entrance of Hell, Dante doubts himself and wonders if he truly is mighty enough to be included in the group. He states, “But I, why come there? Or who grants it? I am not Aeneas, I am not Paul; neither I nor others believe me worthy of that” (Canto 2, lines 31-33). Virgil then informed Dante that he was sent by Beatrice, who said “Now go, with your ornamented speech and whatever else is needed for his escape help him so that I may be consoled” (Canto 2, lines 67-69). Upon hearing about Beatrice, along with Lucia and the Virgin Mary, Dante continues to follow Virgil. 

-Megan McMahon Owens, Jannah Abdelmegid, Jennifer Marte